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1.
Suma psicol ; 28(2): 88-96, jul.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352276

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer ginecológico impacta psicológicamente a la mujer. En este proceso las Estrategias de Afrontamiento-EA, al parecer, se asocian con la Calidad de Vida relacionada con la Salud-CvRS; sin embargo, se desconoce el valor predictivo de las EA sobre la CvRS. Este artículo tiene como finalidad identificar las diferencias y la naturaleza de la relación entre la CvRS y las EA respecto al apoyo psicológico, así como identificar si las EA predicen la CvRS. Método: Se efectuó un diseño no-experimental con 55 mujeres entre 27 y 69 años, M = 42.3, DE = 10.1, diagnosticadas con cáncer ginecológico. La CvRS se evaluó con el FACT-Cx y el SF-36; las EA, con el CAEPO. Resultados: las mujeres con asistencia psicológica tienen mejor CvRS y EA, igualmente, la CvRS se correlacionó con las EA positivas. La dimensión de salud general también es explicada por las EA positivas e inversamente por las EA negativas. Las EA que mejor predicen las CvRS son: Enfrentamiento y Lucha Activa, y Autocontrol y Control Emocional, mientras que las EA negativas afectan la CvRS. Conclusión: Los resultados resaltan la necesidad de acompañamiento psicológico que promueva EA positivas y beneficien la CvRS en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico.


Abstract Introduction: Gynecological cancer impacts women psychologically. In this process, the Coping Strategies-CS are apparently associated with Health-Related Quality of Life HRQL; however, the predictive value of CS on HRQL is unknown. This article aims to identify the differences and the nature of the relationship of HRQL and CS regarding psychological support, as well as to identify whether CS predict HRQL. Method: A non-experimental design was performed with 55 women between 27 and 69 years old, M = 42.3, DE = 10.1, diagnosed with gynecological cancer. The HRQL was evaluated with the FACT-Cx and the SF-36; and the CS, with CAEPO (Spanish acronym). Results: Women with psychological support have better HRQL and CS, likewise, HRQL was correlated with positive CS. The general health dimension is also explained by positive CS, and inversely by negative CS. The CS that best predict HRQL are: active confrontation and fighting, and self-control and emotional control, while negative CS affect HRQL. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for psychological support that promotes positive CS and benefits HRQL in women with gynecological cancer.

2.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 90(supl.1): 26-32, may. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152839

ABSTRACT

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 decretada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) desde el 12 de marzo de 2020 está produciendo estragos a nivel mundial y es un verdadero reto económico, social y sanitario. Aunque las manifestaciones clínicas del COVID-19 son síntomas respiratorios, algunos pacientes también tienen síntomas cardiológicos. Dentro de los pacientes con afecciones cardiológicas2 suponen un grupo de mayor riesgo y que de hecho son un grupo especialmente vulnerable, por su mayor riesgo de contagio y mayor gravedad en caso de adquirir la enfermedad1 aquellos con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), incluyendo al trasplante cardiaco (TC) y las asistencias ventriculares, así como los pacientes con hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP). La IC es la principal patología cardiovascular crónica y los pacientes en este grupo son los más vulnerables para el desarrollo de cuadros clínicos más graves tras sufrir la infección, y en mayor medida los casos con IC avanzada3. De hecho, la IC es unas de las complicaciones más frecuentes en los pacientes con COVID-194. De igual forma, los pacientes trasplantados que requieren de los inmunosupresores para evitar el rechazo del injerto, constituyen una población especialmente susceptible a la infección y a desarrollar procesos más graves. Esta situación ha hecho que la Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México (ANCAM) y la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología (SMC) junto con sus respectivos capítulos, hayan elaborado las siguientes recomendaciones para el personal médico, que participa en la atención de este grupo especial de pacientes en los diferentes escenarios clínicos, que padezcan o no, COVID-19.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic decreed by the World Health Organization (WHO) since March 12, 2020 is wreaking havoc globally and it is a true economic, social and health challenge. Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory symptoms, some patients also have cardiological symptoms. Among patients with cardiological conditions2 they represent a group of higher risk and, in fact, they are a particularly vulnerable group, due to their higher risk of contagion and greater severity in case of acquiring the disease1 those with heart failure (HF), including heart transplant (CT) and ventricular assists, as well as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). HF is the main chronic cardiovascular disease and patients in this group are the most vulnerable for the development of more serious clinical symptoms after suffering the infection, and to a greater extent cases with advanced HF3. In fact, HF is one of the most frequent complications in patients with COVID-194. Likewise, transplant patients who require immunosuppressants to avoid graft rejection, constitute a population especially susceptible to infection and to develop more serious processes. This situation has made the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) and the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) together with their respective chapters, have prepared the following recommendations for medical personnel, who participate in the care of this special group of patients in the different clinical settings, who suffer or not, of COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/virology , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Heart Failure/virology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Severity of Illness Index , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Risk Factors , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Failure/therapy , Mexico
3.
Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A; Gutiérrez-Fajardo, Pedro; Cabrera-Rayo, Alfredo; Sosa-Caballero, Alejandro; Piña-Reyna, Yigal; Merino-Rajme, José A; Heredia-Delgado, José A; Cruz-Alvarado, Jaime E; Galindo-Uribe, Jaime; Rogel-Martínez, Ulises; González-Hermosillo, Jesús A; Ávila-Vanzzini, Nydia; Sánchez-Carranza, Jesús A; Jímenez-Orozco, Jorge H; Sahagún-Sánchez, Guillermo; Fanghänel-Salmón, Guillermo; Albores-Figueroa, Rosenberg; Carrillo-Esper, Raúl; Reyes-Terán, Gustavo; Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E; Borrayo-Sánchez, Gabriela; Ríos, Manuel Odín de los; Berni-Betancourt, Ana C; Cortés-Lawrenz, Jorge; Leiva-Pons, José L; Ortiz-Fernández, Patricio H; López-Cuellar, Julio; Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego; Madrid-Miller, Alejandra; Saturno-Chiu, Guillermo; Beltrán-Nevárez, Octavio; Enciso-Muñoz, José M; García-Rincón, Andrés; Pérez-Soriano, Patricia; Herrera-Gomar, Magali; Lozoya del Rosal, José J; Fajardo-Juárez, Armando I; Olmos-Temois, Sergio G; Rodríguez-Reyes, Humberto; Ortiz-Galván, Fernando; Márquez-Murillo, Manlio F; Celaya-Cota, Manuel de J; Cigarroa-López, José A; Magaña-Serrano, José A; Álvarez-Sangabriel, Amada; Ruíz-Ruíz, Vicente; Chávez-Mendoza, Adolfo; Méndez-Ortíz, Arturo; León-González, Salvador; Guízar-Sánchez, Carlos; Izaguirre-Ávila, Raúl; Grimaldo-Gómez, Flavio A; Preciado-Anaya, Andrés; Ruiz-Gastélum, Edith; Fernández-Barros, Carlos L; Gordillo, Antonio; Alonso-Sánchez, Jesús; Cerón-Enríquez, Norma; Núñez-Urquiza, Juan P; Silva-Torres, Jesús; Pacheco-Beltrán, Nancy; García-Saldivia, Marianna A; Pérez-Gámez, Juan C; Lezama-Urtecho, Carlos; López-Uribe, Carlos; López-Mora, Gerardo E; Rivera-Reyes, Romina.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 90(supl.1): 100-110, may. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152852

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presentan las recomendaciones en las cuales la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología (SMC) en conjunto con la Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México (ANCAM), así como diferentes asociaciones médicas mexicanas vinculadas con la cardiología, después de una revisión y análisis exhaustivo y consensuado sobre los tópicos relacionados con las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la pandemia de COVID-19, se analizan posturas científicas y se dan recomendaciones responsables sobre medidas generales a los pacientes, con cuidados personales, alimentación saludable, actividad física regular, acciones en caso de paro cardiorrespiratorio, la protección del paciente y del personal de salud así como las indicaciones precisas en el uso de la imagen cardiovascular no invasiva, la prescripción de medicamentos, cuidados en tópicos específicos como en la hipertensión arterial sistémica, insuficiencia cardiaca, arritmias y síndromes coronarios agudos, además de hacer énfasis en los procedimientos de electrofisiología, intervencionismo, cirugía cardiaca y en la rehabilitación cardiaca. El interés principal es brindar a la comunidad médica una orientación general sobre el quehacer en la práctica cotidiana y pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares en el escenario esta crisis epidemiológica sin precedentes de COVID-19.


Abstract The recommendations in which the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) in conjunction with the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) as well as different Mexican medical associations linked to cardiology are presented, after a comprehensive and consensual review and analysis of the topics related to cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific positions are analyzed and responsible recommendations on general measures are given to patients, with personal care, healthy eating, regular physical activity, actions in case of cardio-respiratory arrest, protection of the patient and health personnel as well as precise indications in the use of non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, prescription of medications, care in specific topics such as systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes, in addition to emphasizing electrophysiology, interventionism, cardiac surgery and in cardiac rehabilitation. The main interest is to provide the medical community with a general orientation on what to do in daily practice and patients with cardiovascular diseases in the setting of this unprecedented epidemiological crisis of COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Cardiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Societies, Medical , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/virology , Pandemics , Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods , COVID-19 , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Mexico
4.
Rev. guatemalteca cir ; 23(1): [41-47], ene-dic,2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-884886

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La hernia Incisional es una complicación frecuente de la cirugía abdominal sobre todo en pacientes que presentan factores de riesgo para desarrollar la misma. El sistema de salud pública no cuenta con suficiente encamamiento para estos pacientes para la realización de una cirugía electiva. La reparación laparoscópica y su aplicación en una unidad de cirugía ambulatoria se ha convertido en una opción para estos pacientes. El presente estudio busca evaluar los resultados de la reparación de la hernia incisional por vía laparoscópica y su aplicación en cirugía ambulatoria. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectvo de pacientes a quienes se le realizo reparación laparoscópica del año 2010 al año 2016, evaluando los factores de riesgo para la hernia incisional, el tamaño, su localización más frecuente, cierre del defecto, estancia hospitalaria, tiempo quirúrgico, malla utilizada, que tipo de analgésico se utilizaron a su egreso, sus complicaciones, su manejo y el seguimiento a los 8 días, 30 días y cada 2 meses durante un año. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 50 pacientes, siendo más frecuente en el sexo femenino. El principal factor de riesgo para el aparecimiento de la hernia incisional fue cirugías múltiples de origen obstétrico. La localización más frecuente fue la línea media infra umbilical. En 80% de los casos se realizó cierre por afrontación del defecto. En 100% de los casos se colocó malla separadora de tejido. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 70 minutos. El 75% de los pacientes fueron dados de alta el mismo día de la cirugía, el resto se ingresó al hospital, por condiciones de dolor post operatorio, complicaciones transoperatorias (2 casos) o reparación de un defecto grande (mayor de 15 centímetros). La mayor parte de los pacientes respondieron adecuadamente al uso de analgésicos por vía oral (75%), el resto se utilizó una combinación de dos analgésicos. Conclusiones. La técnica laparoscópica es una técnica adecuada y segura para la reparación de la hernia incisional aplicada en cirugía ambulatoria. Además, permite tratar a los pacientes que la sufren sin recargar la capacidad hospitalaria.


Introduction. Incisional hernia is a common abdominal surgical complication in patents with risk factors. Public hospitals don´t have enough beds to admit patents and perform the repair in an elecitve way, so ambulatory laparoscopic technique became a feasible alternative. The aim of the study is to evaluate our experience with ambulatory laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty. Methods. This retrospective study includes all the patents that presented an incisional hernia and were repaired by ambulatory laparoscopic hernioplasty between 2010 and 2016. We evaluated the presence of risk factors, the size of the hernia defect and location, the type of closure, operative time, type of mesh, length of hospitalization, analgesic treatment and management of complications. Results. We treated 50 patents. The main risk factor for incisional hernia was multiple gynecological surgeries. The most common site was at the infraumbilical medial line. In 80% of the patents we performed a complete defect closure. In all patents we used a two layer mesh. The mean operative time was 70 minutes. 75% of patents were discharged the same day and the rest of the patents were hospitalized because of uncontrolled pain, perioperative complications (2 cases) or extensive defects (above 15 centimeters in diameter). 75% of patents needed one analgesic and the rest a combination of two. Conclusions. Laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty can be safely performed in an ambulatory program and reduce the need of hospitalization.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Abdomen/surgery , Hospital Bed Capacity , Incisional Hernia/complications , Laparoscopy/methods , Retrospective Studies
5.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 78(4): 407-412, Oct.-Dec. 2008.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-565632

ABSTRACT

Cardiac transplantation is a well defined therapy for end stage heart failure. After the first year of transplantation, allograft coronary artery disease (ACAD) is the second main cause of death. The ACAD is defined as a diffuse process affecting the entire length of epicardial vessels. Once ACAD has been established, treatments such as coronary angioplasty, coronary stenting, and coronary bypass are performed. We present a case of successful stenting of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) in a patient with ACAD. The patient's medical history was significant for heart transplantation due to ischemic heart failure. Four years after transplantation the patient was admitted again due to sudden worsening of New York Heart Association functional class and extreme fatigue. Coronary angiogram showed a severe stenosis in the proximal segment of the LMCA; we performed stenting with a paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES). Six months after the procedure, the patient had an elective angiogram, where we discovered a new severe occlusion distally to the former stent; a second PES was implanted. Fourteen months after the second stenting, a new elective angiogram was performed without evidence of in-stent restenosis. After a 8-year follow-up since transplantation, the patient is free from dyspnea, angina, and adverse cardiovascular events. Our report suggests the efficacy of PES as ACAD treatment of the unprotected LMCA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Coronary Stenosis , Drug-Eluting Stents , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Paclitaxel , Coronary Restenosis , Coronary Stenosis
6.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 78(1): 87-94, ene.-mar. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567779

ABSTRACT

OHC is a disorder with a broad spectrum of morphological, functional and genetics abnormalities. The Obstruction on the Right Ventricular Outflow (OHCRV) is not expected most of the time, that's way it is not usually detected and rarely mentioned in the cardiological literature. Its clinical presentation may include basically systemic venous hypertension symptoms that come with the hypertrophic cardyomiopathy manifestations. The manifestations of an apparent Right Ventricular Hypertrophic (RVH) in the ECG are probably due to the huge septal vector that activates the septum with a major thickness. The clinical confirmation of the obstruction on the OHCRV produced by a considerable asymmetric septal hypertrophic is easily shown with bidimensional an Doppler echocardiography.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
7.
Salud ment ; 30(4): 41-46, jul.-ago. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-986029

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción. El Sistema de Reporte de Información en Drogas (SRID) proporciona un panorama diagnóstico de los cambios ocurridos en el consumo de drogas en la Ciudad de México. Se actualiza dos veces al año (junio y noviembre), y sus resultados dan una estimación de la trayectoria del problema desde una perspectiva de salud. El SRID inició su funcionamiento en 1986 y sus resultados sirven además de fundamento para diseñar programas de prevención adecuados a la población mexicana. Objetivo. Presentar una síntesis de los resultados más relevantes del consumo de sustancias en la Ciudad de México recopilados por el SRID entre 1987 y 2005, en instituciones de salud y de justicia. Quienes se benefician de la información que se obtiene son: - Las autoridades a cargo de diseñar políticas y acciones de intervención en virtud de que el SRID funciona como un sistema de monitoreo permanente, así como de alerta temprana. - Los investigadores, dado que el SRID funciona como ventana para identificar las áreas donde es necesario mayor conocimiento desde una perspectiva de salud. - El público en general, para quien el SRID es una herramienta que describe la evolución y el estado actual de las tendencias de la farmacodependencia. Método. La información se obtiene de una cédula individual sobre consumo de drogas, que se aplica dos veces por año en 44 instituciones del sector salud y procuración de justicia. El diseño de la muestra es no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Resultados. La información analizada corresponde a 19350 casos identificados entre 1987 y 2005. Lo más destacado de las tendencias de consumo de sustancias ha sido el notable incremento de la cocaína durante el periodo evaluado. Igualmente significativa ha sido la tendencia a la baja del consumo de inhalables, que se hizo más evidente a partir de 1999. El consumo de mariguana, una de las tres drogas consumidas con más frecuencia en el país, ha mostrado cierta estabilidad al igual que el resto de las sustancias evaluadas. Conclusiones. El mayor número de usuarios de cocaína son adolescentes. Asimismo, respecto a los patrones de consumo, llama la atención que el perfil del usuario para todas las drogas estudiadas sea alto: 20 o más veces por mes, en 45% de los casos. Ambas situaciones son objeto de preocupación por los efectos físicos y emocionales de las sustancias, y porque no se observan indicadores que sugieran un decremento en el consumo.


Summary: Introduction. The Information Reporting System on Drugs (IRSD) provides diagnostic information about changes in drug use in Mexico City. This information is updated twice a year (June and November), and an estimation of the main trends of drug use is thus obtained. The IRSD was implemented in 1986, and its results offers grounds for the design of preventive programs suited for the Mexican population from a health perspective. Objetive. To present a synthesis of the most relevant results of substance use in México City compiled by the IRSD between 1987 and 2005. The following are the benefit from data obtained: - Authorities in charge of designing policies and intervention actions, by virtue of which the SRID works as a system of permanent monitoring and early warning. - Investigators, since the SRID works as a window to identify the areas where greater knowledge is necessary. From a health perspective, the public in general, for whom the SRID is a tool that describes the evolution and current state of drug tendencies. Method. The information is obtained from an individual schedule on drug use that is applied twice a year in 44 agencies of the health and law enforcement sector. The design of the sample is non probabilistic. Results. In the period 1987-2005, 19350 cases have been evaluated. The most outstanding trend in substance use has been the remarkable increase of cocaine from 1987 to 2005. Equally significant has been the decrease tendency of solvents-inhalants use, which has become more evident since 1999. Marihuana use is among the three most used drugs in the country. It shows a trend to remain stable as is the case for the other substances evaluted. Conclusions. Most cocaine users are adolescents. At the same time, 45% of the users of all the substances have a use pattern defined as "high": 20 or more times a month. Both situations are a matter of concern due to the important physical and psychological consequences of substance use. In addition, up to this moment, there is no indication suggesting that the level of use will decrease.

9.
Salud ment ; 29(5): 32-37, Sep.-Oct. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985974

ABSTRACT

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract: Introduction and background Substance abuse in the world is reported higher among men than in women; nevertheless in different countries including mexico, use has increased among women during recent years. The distribution among male and female population is different according to each substance. Prevalence among both populations shows a preference for illegal drugs: mariguana, cocaine, solvent-inhalants and in a lesser degree, heroine. Meanwhile among women the mainly used substances are medical, such as sedatives and stimulants. Nevertheless in recent years there has been a higher involvement of female population in the use of illegal substances. In different countries it has been observed a high level of use among women and a trend of age of first use at earlier ages. In different countries research findings indicate a high level of use among young women that resembles the patterns of men; nevertheless among women who are older the levels of use are relatively low. At the same time there is more participation of women in delictive activities. The information reporting system on drugs (srid) of the national institute of psychiatry has evaluated the problem of drug use among men and women in the mexico city area from 1987 up to this date through a transversal study and carried out every 6 months. Results obtained, identify the most important trends of this problem and also describe its nature and evolution. Other different methodological approaches have been used to get a deeper understanding of the nature and extent of this problem. School population survey (ene) oriented to evaluate the prevalence during the autumn of 2003, among high school students, reveals that 9.6% of male students and 4.8% of females have ever used mariguana some time, 5.3% of males and 2.7% of females have ever used cocaine sometime. Women using tranquillisers constitute 5.3%, and solvent-inhalants 3.8%. The national survey on addictions (ena) carried out in 2002 among general population, reveals that substance abuse includes one woman out of every 4 men. According to this methodology 8.59% of men in general population and 2.11 of women have ever used some other drug, besides alcohol and tobacco. Mariguana (3.48%) and cocaine (1.23%) are the main used substances in the category ever used. Results of the system for epidemiological surveillance of addictions (sisvea) indicates that for year 2004 at national level 95.0% of males were in treatment due to mariguana and heroine use, followed by 93.0% of patients treated for cocaine. Female population used tranquillisers 13.8%, solvents - inhalants 7.6% and 7.0% cocaine. As it can be observed the above results support the existence of different patterns of substance use between men and women. Objective The objective of this communication is to analyze the results of the information reporting system on drugs considering similarities and differences between men and women regarding different variables associated to substance use such as sociodemographic profile, patterns of use, associated problems and trends of use. This information is a result for the second semester of 2004. Material and method Srid is a transversal study with two cross cut evaluations carried out twice a year. Information is gathered by means of a survey applied during an interview. Each evaluation gives a cross view of the problem in such moment of its history, and at present, information is available from 1987 to this date. The survey evaluates variables suggested by mexican research, experiences from other countries with information on systems for drugs already functioning, variables suggested by world health organization, and finally proposals obtained by discussion and agreement with experts of the participant health and justice agencies. The survey is applied during june and november each year and after the evaluation period, the information is compiled processed, analyzed and compiled in a report made by the national institute of psychiatry. This information is available for partici-pant agencies, state officers, and general public. Results The results from srid for november 2004 indicate that from 694 cases studied, 89% were males, 60% single and 64% of low socioeconomic level. Of the women surveyed 73.6% are single and 62.7% from low socio-economic level. The main age group for men is in the range of 30 and more years, for women it is between 15 to 19. Occupational status for men is employee and business (34.6%) and for women, student (34.7%). School level for men is high school completed (24.4%), for women it is 19.4% unfinished high school. Ever some time use of substances indicate that mariguana is employed by 70.7% males and 65.8% females. Cocaine among women and men is respectively 65% y 56.6%; solvent inhalants is 37.4% for men and 30.3% for women. Amphetamines and other stimulants report 6.6% for women and 5.5% for men; sedatives and tranquillisers reach 14.5% for women and 13.4% for men. Age of first use for men is 15 to 19 years and for women 12 to 14. Substance of first use for men is mariguana (45.3%), for women is solvent inhalants (45.0%), followed by cocaine: 19.0% for men and 10.0% for women. Problems preceding drug use regarding family are 15.9% for men, and 11.8% for women; nervous problems: 7.4% for men and 2.6% for women. Problems derived of drug use among women are those refer-ring to family interaction 57.9% and 49.4% for men; nervous problems: 30.3% and 26.5%; finally, psychological problems among women 39.5% and 23.5% each. Possible explanations for such results are the following: - Social devaluation towards women: women are subject to social pressures regarding child rising, household work, etc. This kind of work is seldom recognized and appreciated, and such situation could be a risk factor for substance use. The same is true for the pregnancy periods, because women are emotionally more vulnerable and as a result some substances are used as a tool to soothe personal, family and couple problems. - Social attitudes towards substance use are different for men and women. Substance use in the case of male population is regarded as an open, allowed and prestigious behaviour; never-theless for women it is hidden, prohibited and devaluatory. Thus for women substance use becomes a private behaviour, out of sight, denied; a sort of relief valve in face of the need to relax, feel pleasure and socialize. Substance use then becomes a "necessary" instrument to cope with tensions but at the same time excludes women of the social scene. - Among men and women the fantasy of solving everyday problems through the use of substances is frequent. This is a paradox since at the same time users perceive that problems become worse as a result of substance use. The clarification of such motivations is a matter for further research. Conclusions Further research is needed to explain the differences between patterns of substance use of men and women; this is so for motivation of onset and maintenance of substance use. Finally the information gathered by the srid has been a valuable tool as an early warning system on substance use, it is a diagnostic resource for decision and policy making as well as for intervention and treatment planning in mexico city.

10.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 76(supl.2): S182-S187, abr.-jun. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568824

ABSTRACT

Treatment of heart failure has been successfully target biologically, to counteract deleterious effects resulting from neuroendocrine activation, with the use of several agents (e.g., angiotensine-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, spironolactone), that provide benefical effects, demonstrated in multicentric trials in controlled populations. However, this mid-term benefit, becomes less effective with time, resulting in progression of the disease to terminal stages and death. The purpose of this paper is to review other pathophysiologic pathways and the potential application of preventive measures to be incorporated in the standardized treatment of heart failure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Failure , Apoptosis , Endothelium, Vascular , Heart Failure , Vasoconstriction , Vasodilation
11.
Medisan ; 10(2)abr.-jun. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-463372

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo para describir el comportamiento de 93 niños que pesaron menos de 1 500 gramos al nacer, de los cuales 31 recibieron ventilación mecánica con presión positiva intermitente a los 3 a 7 días en el Hospital Materno Norte Tamara Bunke de Santiago de Cuba, generalmente por presentar enfermedad de la membrana hialina, hipoxemia y apnea recurrente. Las complicaciones atribuibles a la ventilación artificial más comúnmente observadas fueron: infecciones, principalmente del aparato respiratorio; hemorragia intraventricular y atelectasias


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiration, Artificial
12.
Salud ment ; 28(2): 91-97, mar.-abr. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985889

ABSTRACT

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract: Introduction and antecedents The Information Reporting System on Drugs (IRSD) provides since 1986 an updated overview of the main trends and characteristics of drug use in Mexico City. It identifies the changes in patterns of use and provides information useful to estimate its future path. It is supported by the main health and justice agencies. Up to this date, it has carried out 34 evaluations and its data base includes 16377 cases. Research on illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults started in our country during the 1970's; in those days, the level of cocaine use was low. Nevertheless, its use has been increasing gradually. Up to this date, different research reports indicate that cocaine, marihuana and solvent-inhalants are the most used illicit substances, especially among adolescents and young adults. Based on a 2003 high school survey carried out in the Distrito Federal, the latest research results indicate that marihuana is the most used substance (7.2%), followed by solvent-inhalants (4.6%), tranquilizers (4.5%) and cocaine (4.0%). Results of the most recent household survey carried out in 2002 indicate that 215,634 adolescents, between 12 and 17 years old, have ever used drugs. Excluding alcohol and tobacco, the first ever used drug in this group is marihuana, followed by solvent-inhalants and cocaine. As it can be observed, these results highlight that cocaine use is an issue and a matter of concern due to its pharmacological characteristics, psychological and social implications, and also because it affects adolescents and young adults who conform the main population group of the country. Objective This paper presents results of the Information Reporting System on Drugs, which describe the trends of cocaine use for 1987 2003 among users between 15 and 24 years old in Mexico City. It also describes the results of the evaluation carried out by the IRSD in June 2003 which include the sociodemographic characteristics of users, pattern of use, associated problems and slang words used to refer to this substance, according to the reports of the evaluated cases. Material and method Instrument. The data collection instrument was the questionnaire "Informe Individual sobre Consumo de Drogas" (Individual Report on Drug Use). It gathers information about the sociodemo-graphic characteristics of users, the most used substances, their patterns of use, the new substances being used or the substances not being used anymore, the perception of the user about the problems associated to the drug use before and after the drug use life has started, among other variables. This instrument is applied through an interview to individuals attending the participating agencies during the admission procedure. Evaluations are carried out twice a year, during June and November. The cases are obtained from all the individuals attending the participating agencies during the evaluation periods, and who identify themselves as ever having used any substance without a prescription, and with the purpose of getting intoxicated; this is the case definition. Since the beginning of the IRSD, the instrument, case definition, data processing and analysis procedures have remain similar in order to make comparisons. Until June 2003, the IRSD carried out 34 evaluations and the data base includes 16377 cases. Results Cocaine use trends: From 1987 to 2003, 9,120 cocaine cases were identified in the level "ever used". They are between 15 and 24 years old and represent 55.6% of the total population of drug users identified during such period. The use of cocaine has been increasing in this group: in 1987 there were 3.1 cocaine users out of every 100 drug users in general; in 1992, this proportion increased to 9.0%. From this date, the level of use gradually increases, reaching 74.3% in November 1998; this is the highest level recorded. From this date up to 2003, cocaine use has maintained the highest level of use of all drugs, and its level of use has remained stable. Evaluation number 34, carried out in June 2003, studied 770 cases of drug users; 533 of them reported having ever used cocaine. From this group, 293 cases (55%) are between 15 and 24 years old. Sociodemographic characteristics: 89.7% of the cocaine users were male, 58.7% were between 15 and 19 years old and 41.3% were between 20 and 24; 81.7% were single, 61.9% belonged to the middle socioeconomic level; 45.3% completed high school. Occupational status includes both employed, 31.4%, and unemployed cases, 29.5%. Pattern of use: 64% of the cocaine users started this behavior between 15 and 19 years old. 39.4% of the cocaine users are "light" users. The most frequent type of user follows a pattern of use between 1 to 5 times a month. 20.8% are "heavy" users: they use cocaine more than 20 times a month. Most used drugs, besides alcohol and tobacco, were marihuana: 60.1%; solvent-inhalants: 39.9%; and sedative-tranquilizers: 15%. Gender differences: Men and women have similar preferences regarding substance use. Nevertheless, women have higher levels of use for almost all the substances studied. Associatedproblems: The users perceive problems associated to the onset of their drug use life, and also they perceive problems once this has started. Family problems are the most frequently reported ones, increasing in frequency after drug use behavior has settled. Excluding social problems, all the other problems also increase after the onset of the drug use life. Slang words: Names used in the subculture of cocaine use to designate this substance, reported in this evaluation were: "cocaine", "crack", "piedra", "cocaína piedra", "cocaína polvo", "blanca", "bote", "coca", and "inhalada". Conclusions As it has been indicated, IRSD provides twice a year an updated diagnosis of drug use in Mexico City. Results indicate that during the period 1987-2003 cocaine use has three moments. The first one goes until 1992 and is characterized by a low level of use, below marihuana and solvent-inhalants; from there till 1998, its level reached the highest peak: 74 cocaine users out of every 100 drug users in general, with marihuana and cocaine occupying the second and third places. From this date to 2003, cocaine has remained stable in the first place. The highest risk groups are adolescents and young adults, and this is true for the onset of use as well as for the chronic use. This substance is a matter of concern due to its emotional and physical effects, but also because there are no indicators suggesting that the level of use will decrease. The problem of cocaine use indicates the need of prevention programs starting during childhood and with a long-term vision. The goal should be to promote the development of social support networks to counteract the influence of drug use in general, as well as to promote healthy lifestyles non compatible with drugs.

13.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 75(1): 96-111, ene.-mar. 2005. graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631864

ABSTRACT

Propósito: A través de una Re-encuesta Nacional sobre Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica (HTAS) y Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular, en población adulta con HTAS identificada en encuestas nacionales de salud del año 2000; Determinar: 1) Las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. 2) La incidencia e interrelación en el tiempo con otros factores de riesgo, tales como Obesidad, Dislipidemia, Diabetes y Tabaquismo. 3) Los principales factores de riesgo asociados a HTAS que influencian la aparición de complicaciones, necesidad y numero de días de hospitalización. 4) El grado de adherencia y tipo de medicación usada por el paciente hipertenso. Métodos: La Re-encuesta Nacional de Hipertensión (RENAHTA) fue realizada en el periodo 2003-2004. La encuesta es tipo III del método paso a paso descrito por la OMS. La población estudiada correspondió en su mayoría (73%) a individuos detectados en encuestas nacionales previas. El muestreo fue ponderado a priori tomando en cuenta una prevalencia nacional promedio de HTAS de 30.05% y su correspondiente para cada estado de la República. Error máximo permisible en la estimación = 0.28, Efecto de diseño = 4.5; y, Tasa de respuesta esperada (0.70). Resultados: De 14 567 como muestra inicial, 1165 (8%) sujetos fueron considerados como no hipertensos o falsos positivos en el año 2000. De los 13,402 pacientes restantes se informaron 335 muertes ocurridas en los primeros 2 años de seguimiento (2000-2002), lo que implicó una mortalidad anual de ˜1.15% en la población hipertensa. Así, 13,067 sobrevivientes, fueron sujetos a análisis. La edad al momento de la re-encuesta fue 45.6 ± 12.6. El (40.5%) fueron hombres (n=5,295), hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la talla, pero no en el peso entre ambos géneros. El control de la HTAS subió de 14.6% en el 2000 a 19.2% en el 2004. Se duplicó la cifra de diabéticos de 16% a 30% (p < .001). El 54% de la población estudiada requirió de hospitalización al menos ...


Objective: Based on a National Re-survey on Hypertension (HTA) and other cardiovascular risk factors performed in Mexico during 2003 and 2004 in the adult population with HTA, as identified in the 2000 National Survey of Health, this study was planed to determine: 1) morbidity and mortality rates; 2) the incidence and interrelation with other risk factors, such as overweight, obesity, dyslipidemia, nephropathy and diabetes; 3) the main risk factors associated to HTA involved in its complications, need for hospitalization and number of days; and, 4) the degree of therapeutical adhesion and the type of antihypertensive drugs used. Methods: The survey was of type III using the step by step method described by WHO. Sampling was weighed a priori taking into account a national prevalence average of HTA of 30.05% and its corresponding rate for each federal state. Permissible maximum error in the estimation = 0.28. Effect of design = 4.5; and, Rate of awaited answer (0.70). Results: From the initial 14,567 interviewed patients, 1,165 (8%) subjects were considered non-hypertensive or false positives at the 2000 survey. From the 13,402 remaining patients, 335 died during the first 2 years of pursuit, which implies an annual mortality of ˜1.15% in the hypertensive population. Thus, 13,067 survivors were subjected to the final analysis. The mean age at the re-survey was 45.6 ± 12.6; 40.5% were men (n = 5,295). There was a statistically significant difference in height, but not in weight between both genders. The control HTAwas raised 14.6% in the year 2000 and 19.2% in 2004. The prevalence of diabetes was duplicated from 16% to 30% (< .001). Fifty four percent of the whole population required hospitalization at least once during the period of study. The rates of overweight, obesity, and dyslipidemia rose significantly (p < 0.05) independently from age, federal state, and gender. Conclusion: RENAHTA shows the impact of hypertension on the morbidity and mortality during the 3.1 ± 1.5 years of follow-up in Mexico. It alerts us on the need to reinforce the strategies of attention and prevention of this crucial risk factor and of screening the dynamic nonlinear interaction between the main cardiovascular risk factors in Mexico. New hypotheses are proposed forthe metabolic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hypertension/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Hypertension/complications , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors
14.
Salud ment ; 21(2): 29-36, mar.-abr. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243147

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar la evolución del consumo de cocaína, y conocer el uso de esta droga en los sectores menos favorecidos de la población de la ciudad de México. Se utrilizaron los datos recopilados por el Sistema de Reporte de Información de Drogas (SRID) a lo largo de 17 evaluaciones semestrales, correspondientes al período 1987-1995, en instituciones de atención a la salud y de procuración de justicia. Las instituciones que participan en el SRID captan principalmente a la población de nivel socioeconómico bajo y medio por ser instituciones de asistencia social. Debido a ello, el nivel socioeconómico alto se encuentra sub-representado en una muestra. La muestra total recopilada por el SRID durante este periodo fue de 5566 casos de usuarios de drogas. Los usuarios de cocaína son de particular interés para el presente estudio (N = 589). Se llevó a cabo un análisis para conocer las tendencias del consumo de cocaína a lo largo del periodo de estudio, y detectar los cambios ocurridos a lo largo del tiempo. Asimismo, se analizó la relación de la variable "nivel socioeconómico" con los patrones de consumo de drogas y las características sociodemográficas de estos usuarios comparados con el resto de la muestra. Los principales hallazgos, giran alrededor del aumento de casos registrados de esta droga a lo largo del periodo de estudio. La cocaína ocupa el cuarto lugar de consumo en todas las drogas investigadas. Sin embargo, como droga de inicio ocupa el segundo lugar en los nivel socioeconómicos medio alto, y el tercer lugar en el nivel socioeconómico bajo. Las características sociodemográficas de los usuarios de cocaína a lo largo de las 17 evaluaciones no mostraron diferencias. El análisis de estos mismos datos por nivel socioeconómico, señalan que los usuarios de cocaína a lo largo de las 17 evaluaciones no mostraron diferncias. El análisis de estos mismos datos por nivel socioeconómico medio y bajo. No obstante, hay que recordar que el nivel socioeconómico alto esta subrepresentado en esta muestra, por lo que es probable que hayan variaciones respecto a este indicador en otras poblaciones


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Status Indicators , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Poverty Areas , Cocaine , Socioeconomic Factors , Educational Status , Mexico/epidemiology
15.
Cir. gen ; 18(3): 171-7, jul.-sept. 1996. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-200415

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Informar los resultados quirúrgicos de los puentes extranatómicos en términos de morbilidad perioperatoria; analizar la permeabilidad y la mortalidad a largo plazo. Sede. Departamento de cirugía vascular del Hospital Central Militar en México, D.F. Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, con análisis estadístico. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 31 pacientes que fueron sometidos a 36 puentes extranatómicos. Se realizaron 4 diferentes tipos de puentes. Femoro-femoral, axilo-bifemoral, axilo-femoral y a través del agujero obturado. Se empleó el método actuarial con tablas de supervivencia. Diez y ocho pacientes eran fumadores, 13 tenían cardiopatía isquémica, 12 eran diabéticos y 4 habían sufrido infarto agudo al miocardio. Se indicó la operación para salvamento de la extremidad en 25 sujetos, en 4 se realizó el puente a través del agujero obturado. Resultados. Las complicaciones en los primeros 30 días fueron: Obstrucción del puente en 6 pacientes, infección de la herida en 6, estado de choque por hemorragia del aparato digestivo proximal, enfermedad vascular cerebral, infarto agudo al miocardio y síndrome de reperfusión de tejido isquémico, en un paciente respectivamente. Ocurrieron tres fallecimientos: En dos enfermos por sepsis y en uno por infarto agudo al miocardio. Se logró el salvamento inmediato de la extremidad en 25 enfermos. La permeabilidad a 30 días, 1,2,3,4 y 5 años fue del 85 por ciento, 76 por ciento, 76 por ciento, 71 por ciento, 71 por ciento y 53 por ciento respectivamente. La supervivencia a 30 días, 1,2,3,4 y 5 años fue el 90 por ciento, 82 por ciento, 82 por ciento, 77 por ciento, 69 por ciento y 56 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusión. Los puentes extranatómicos constituyen una buena alternativa para pacientes que no pueden ser intervenidos con procedimientos convencionales


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aorta/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Iliac Vein/surgery
16.
Rev. ABP-APAL ; 17(3): 102-6, jul.-set. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-178081

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar el perfil del usu rio de drogas en el Hospital Federal de Toxicómanos al ser esta una fuente de información sustancial sobre la história de la farmacodependencia en México. El hospital prestó sus servicios durante los años 1931-1948 y de sus archivos se analizó una muestra de 457 expedientes clínicos, seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio. Las variables consideradas fueron datos sociodemogr ficos, patrones del consumo de drogas, motivo de ingreso a la institución y problemas asociados al consumo. Los resultados obtenidos revelam una población constituída por usuarios crónicos de heroína, marihuana y morfina, la mayoría de sexo masculino, solteros, empleados o comerciantes entre los hombres y amas de casa entre las mujeres. La mayoría eran inmigrantes a la Ciudad de México de otras regiones del país y eran remitidos para tratamiento por autoridades judiciales. El promedio de edad de la muestra era de 31 años, significativamente menor para el grupo de mujeres


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/history , Substance-Related Disorders/history
17.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 47(5): 165-8, sept.-oct. 1993. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-134957

ABSTRACT

El propósito de esta comunicación es informar los resultados del bloqueo del nervio ciático poplíteo interno con lidocaína al 1 por ciento en 15 pacientes (14 diabéticos y uno no diabético) en quienes de hicieron amputaciones ya sea de uno o más ortejos, en guillotina por arriba de los maleolos o transmetatarsiana, así como toma y aplicación de injerto libre de piel. La localización anatómica del nervio se realizó mediante la identificación de las estructuras vasculares con Doppler. Se obtuvo un buen efecto anestésico con una sola dosis de 100 mg de lidocaína, con una inocuidad de 100 por ciento sin efectos tóxicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Nerve Block , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Sciatic Nerve , Amputation, Surgical , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Sciatic Nerve
18.
Rev. ABP-APAL ; 15(3): 75-81, jul.-set. 1993. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-178133

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo presenta un panorama general del uso de drogas en hospitales psiqui tricos al ser ésta una fuente de información sustancial de la historia del consumo de drogas en México. Se analizó una muestra de 1193 expedientes clinicos del Manicomio General de la Castañeda correspondientes al período comprendido entre 1866 y 1967, a partir de un muestreo estratificado y con respecto a variables demogr ficas, diagnóstico y consumo de drogas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una población mayoritaria de hombres y mujeres, solteros, entre 20 y 40 años, trabajadores técnicos y empleados públicos, residentes en la ciudad de México. Los diagnósticos de mayor incidencia son la psicosis alcohólica y la esquizofrenia. El consumo de drogas se reporta desde 1909, permaneciendo bajo, con un incremento considerable en los años 50's, siendo la mariguana la droga m s consumida por hombres y mujeres


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Substance-Related Disorders/history
19.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 46(5): 155-8, sept.-oct. 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-118045

ABSTRACT

La anticoagulación ha sido el tratamiento de elección para la trombosis venosa profunda; sin embargo, la trombectomía venosa es adecuada cuando existe amenaza de perder la extermidad, esto es, cuando hay flegmasia cerulea dolens. Se describe un caso de flegmasia cerulea dolens en un varón con isquemia grave de la extremidad inferior, quien necesitó de un filtro de Greenfield, trombectomía venosa y fasciotomías. Se discute el diagnóstico y el acceso terapéutico, así como las medidas para prevenir la tromboembolia pulmonar en estos pacientes, y se hizo una revisión de la literatura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Thrombophlebitis/drug therapy , General Surgery/methods
20.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 46(2): 55-8, mar.-abr. 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-118021

ABSTRACT

Comunicación del caso de pacientes con lesión iatrogénica de las venas iliofemorales. En el primer caso la lesión ocurrió durante una hernioplastia inguinal y en el segundo en una safenectomía. Ambas lesiones se repararon con injerto venoso autólogo en espiral. El primer paciente fue intervenido quirúrgicamente 48 horas después de la lesión, la reparación mejoró el retorno venoso sustancialmente. La otra lesión fue reparada durante la operación original y el resultado fue completamente satisfactorio. Las lesiones venosas iliofemorales son raras y deben ser reparadas en cuanto se advierten para disminuri la morbilidad. La técnica con injerto venoso autólogo en espiral demostró ser útil en estos dos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Catheterization , Femoral Vein/injuries , General Surgery/organization & administration , Iliac Vein/injuries , Anastomosis, Surgical
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